Anthu akamakalamba, kuchepa kwa ntchito ya ubongo kumaonekera kwambiri. Pakati pa anthu azaka zapakati pa 20-49, ambiri amayamba kuona kuchepa kwa ntchito ya ubongo akamakumbukira zinthu kapena kuiwala zinthu. Kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 50-59, kuzindikira kuchepa kwa ntchito ya ubongo nthawi zambiri kumachitika akayamba kukumbukira zinthu mochepa.
Pofufuza njira zowonjezerera ntchito ya ubongo, magulu osiyanasiyana azaka amaganizira kwambiri zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Anthu azaka zapakati pa 20-29 amakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza tulo kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito a ubongo (44.7%), pomwe anthu azaka zapakati pa 30-39 amakonda kwambiri kuchepetsa kutopa (47.5%). Kwa iwo azaka zapakati pa 40-59, kukonza chidwi kumaonedwa kuti ndi kofunika kwambiri pakukweza ntchito ya ubongo (zaka 40-49: 44%, zaka 50-59: 43.4%).
Zosakaniza Zodziwika Kwambiri Msika wa Ubongo ku Japan
Mogwirizana ndi chizolowezi chapadziko lonse cha moyo wathanzi, msika wa chakudya chogwira ntchito ku Japan umagogomezera makamaka mayankho a mavuto enaake azaumoyo, ndipo thanzi la ubongo limakhala lofunika kwambiri. Pofika pa Disembala 11, 2024, Japan inali italembetsa zakudya zogwira ntchito 1,012 (malinga ndi deta yovomerezeka), zomwe 79 zinali zokhudzana ndi thanzi la ubongo. Pakati pa izi, GABA inali chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kutsatiridwa ndilutein/zeaxanthin, chotsitsa cha tsamba la ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, ndi ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) ndi amino acid yosapanga mapuloteni yomwe idapezeka koyamba ndi Steward ndi anzake mu minofu ya mbatata mu 1949. Mu 1950, Roberts ndi anzake adapeza GABA mu ubongo wa zoyamwitsa, wopangidwa kudzera mu α-decarboxylation yosasinthika ya glutamate kapena mchere wake, womwe umayambitsidwa ndi glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA ndi neurotransmitter yofunika kwambiri yomwe imapezeka kwambiri mu dongosolo la mitsempha ya zoyamwitsa. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha mwa kuletsa kufalikira kwa zizindikiro za mitsempha. Mu ubongo, kuyanjana pakati pa kuletsa kufalikira kwa mitsempha komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi GABA ndi kufalikira kwa mitsempha komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi glutamate ndikofunikira kuti nembanemba ya maselo ikhale yolimba komanso kuti mitsempha igwire bwino ntchito.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti GABA imatha kuletsa kusintha kwa mitsempha ndikuwongolera ntchito zokumbukira ndi kuzindikira. Kafukufuku wa nyama akusonyeza kuti GABA imawongolera kukumbukira kwa nthawi yayitali m'makoswe omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa chidziwitso ndikulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo a neuroendocrine PC-12. Mu mayeso azachipatala, GABA yawonetsedwa kuti imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa neurotrophic factor (BDNF) m'magazi ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a dementia ndi matenda a Alzheimer's mwa akazi azaka zapakati.
Kuphatikiza apo, GABA ili ndi zotsatira zabwino pa malingaliro, kupsinjika, kutopa, ndi tulo. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kusakaniza kwa GABA ndi L-theanine kumatha kuchepetsa kuchedwa kugona, kuwonjezera nthawi yogona, ndikuwonjezera kufotokozedwa kwa GABA ndi glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinndi carotenoid yokhala ndi okosijeni yokhala ndi zotsalira zisanu ndi zitatu za isoprene, polyene yosakhuta yokhala ndi ma bond asanu ndi anayi awiri, yomwe imatenga ndi kutulutsa kuwala pa mafunde enaake, ndikuipatsa mawonekedwe apadera amitundu.Zeaxanthinndi isomer ya lutein, yosiyana ndi malo a chomangira chawiri mu mphete.
Lutein ndi zeaxanthinNdiwo utoto waukulu mu retina. Lutein imapezeka makamaka mu retina yozungulira, pomwe zeaxanthin imapezeka mu macula yapakati.lutein ndi zeaxanthinZinthu zina zomwe zimathandiza maso kukulitsa masomphenya, kupewa kukalamba kwa macular degeneration (AMD), matenda a maso otchedwa cataract, glaucoma, komanso kupewa retinopathy mwa makanda obadwa msanga.
Mu 2017, ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Georgia adapeza kutilutein ndi zeaxanthinZimakhudza thanzi la ubongo mwa okalamba. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti ophunzira omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu yalutein ndi zeaxanthinanasonyeza ntchito yochepa ya ubongo pogwira ntchito zokumbukira mawu awiriawiri, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ubongo umagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina adanenanso kuti Lutemax 2020, yomwe ndi lutein yowonjezera kuchokera ku Omeo, idakulitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), puloteni yofunika kwambiri yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi neural plasticity, komanso yofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi kusiyanitsa kwa ma neuron, komanso yogwirizana ndi kuphunzira bwino, kukumbukira, ndi ntchito ya chidziwitso.
(Mapangidwe a lutein ndi zeaxanthin)
3. Ginkgo Leaf Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, mtundu wokhawo womwe watsala mu banja la ginkgo, nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "zamoyo zakale." Masamba ndi mbewu zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kafukufuku wamankhwala ndipo ndi amodzi mwa mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mankhwala ogwira ntchito omwe ali mu ginkgo leaf extract makamaka ndi flavonoids ndi terpenoids, omwe ali ndi mphamvu monga kuthandiza kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi, zotsatira za antioxidant, kukonza kukumbukira, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa maso, komanso kuteteza ku kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi mankhwala.
Buku la World Health Organization lofotokoza za zomera zamankhwala limafotokoza kutiginkgoZotulutsa za masamba ziyenera kukhala ndi 22-27% ya flavonoid glycosides ndi 5-7% ya terpenoids, yokhala ndi ginkgolic acid yochepera 5 mg/kg. Ku Japan, Health and Nutrition Food Association yakhazikitsa miyezo yabwino ya ginkgo leaf extract, yomwe imafuna flavonoid glycoside yochepera 24% ndi terpenoid yochepera 6%, ndi ginkgolic acid yosungidwa pansi pa 5 ppm. Mlingo woyenera wa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa akuluakulu ndi pakati pa 60 ndi 240 mg.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali mankhwala opangidwa ndi tsamba la ginkgo, poyerekeza ndi placebo, kungawonjezere kwambiri ntchito zina zamaganizo, kuphatikizapo kukumbukira bwino komanso luso loganiza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala opangidwa ndi ginkgo akuti amathandizira kuyenda bwino kwa magazi muubongo komanso kugwira ntchito bwino.
4. DHA
DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) ndi omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Ili ndi omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Ili ndi zambiri mu nsomba zam'madzi ndi zinthu zake, makamaka nsomba zonenepa, zomwe zimapereka magalamu 0.68-1.3 a DHA pa magalamu 100. Zakudya zochokera ku nyama monga mazira ndi nyama zimakhala ndi DHA yochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, mkaka wa m'mawere wa anthu ndi mkaka wa nyama zina zomwe zimayamwitsa ulinso ndi DHA. Kafukufuku wa akazi opitilira 2,400 m'maphunziro 65 adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa DHA mu mkaka wa m'mawere ndi 0.32% ya kulemera konse kwa mafuta acid, kuyambira 0.06% mpaka 1.4%, ndipo anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa DHA mu mkaka wa m'mawere.
DHA imagwirizana ndi kukula kwa ubongo, ntchito yake, ndi matenda ake. Kafukufuku wochuluka akusonyeza kutiDHAkungathandize kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwa mitsempha, kukula kwa mitsempha, kusinthasintha kwa synaptic, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mitsempha. Kusanthula kwa meta kwa mayeso 15 olamulidwa mwachisawawa kunawonetsa kuti kudya kwapakati pa 580 mg ya DHA tsiku lililonse kwathandiza kwambiri kukumbukira zochitika mwa akuluakulu athanzi (azaka 18-90) komanso omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa la kuzindikira.
Njira za DHA zogwirira ntchito zikuphatikizapo: 1) kubwezeretsa chiŵerengero cha n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) kuletsa kutupa kwa mitsempha yokhudzana ndi ukalamba komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa maselo a M1 microglial; 3) kuletsa mtundu wa A1 astrocyte phenotype pochepetsa zizindikiro za A1 monga C3 ndi S100B; 4) kuletsa bwino njira yolumikizirana ya proBDNF/p75 popanda kusintha chizindikiro cha neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B chochokera mu ubongo; ndi 5) kulimbikitsa kupulumuka kwa mitsempha mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa phosphatidylserine, zomwe zimathandiza kuti protein kinase B (Akt) membrane translocation ndi activation ichitike.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
M'mimba, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "ubongo wachiwiri," wawonetsedwa kuti umagwirizana kwambiri ndi ubongo. M'mimba, monga chiwalo chokhala ndi kayendedwe kodziyimira pawokha, ukhoza kugwira ntchito pawokha popanda malangizo a ubongo mwachindunji. Komabe, kulumikizana pakati pa m'mimba ndi ubongo kumasungidwa kudzera mu dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira pawokha, zizindikiro za mahomoni, ndi ma cytokines, zomwe zimapanga zomwe zimadziwika kuti "mzere wa ubongo ndi ubongo."
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mabakiteriya a m'matumbo amachita gawo pakusonkhanitsa mapuloteni a β-amyloid, chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, odwala a Alzheimer's achepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matumbo, ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa Bifidobacterium.
Mu maphunziro okhudza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa la chidziwitso (MCI), kumwa Bifidobacterium MCC1274 kunathandiza kwambiri kuti chidziwitso chizigwira ntchito bwino mu mayeso a Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Zotsatira m'magawo monga kukumbukira msanga, luso loona malo, kukonza zinthu movutikira, ndi kukumbukira mochedwa nazonso zinasintha kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-07-2025