Pamene anthu akukalamba, kuchepa kwa ntchito ya ubongo kumawonekera kwambiri. Mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 20-49, ambiri amayamba kuzindikira kuchepa kwa chidziwitso akakumana ndi vuto la kukumbukira kapena kuiwala. Kwa iwo azaka zapakati pa 50-59, kuzindikira kutsika kwachidziwitso nthawi zambiri kumabwera akayamba kuwona kutsika kokumbukira.
Pofufuza njira zothandizira ubongo kugwira ntchito, magulu azaka zosiyanasiyana amayang'ana mbali zosiyanasiyana. Anthu azaka zapakati pa 20-29 amakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri kugona kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito za ubongo (44.7%), pomwe anthu azaka zapakati pa 30-39 ali ndi chidwi chochepetsa kutopa (47.5%). Kwa azaka zapakati pa 40-59, kuwongolera chidwi kumaonedwa kuti ndikofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo ntchito zaubongo (zaka 40-49: 44%, 50-59 zaka: 43.4%).
Zosakaniza Zodziwika Pamsika Waumoyo Waubongo waku Japan
Mogwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, msika wazakudya ku Japan umatsindika makamaka mayankho azovuta zazaumoyo, thanzi laubongo ndilofunika kwambiri. Pofika pa Disembala 11, 2024, Japan idalembetsa zakudya zogwira ntchito 1,012 (malinga ndi zidziwitso zovomerezeka), zomwe 79 zinali zokhudzana ndi thanzi laubongo. Pakati pa izi, GABA inali yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yotsatiridwa ndilutein/zeaxanthinmasamba a ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHABifidobacteria MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,Mtengo PQQ, ndi ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) ndi amino acid omwe sanali a proteinogenic omwe adayamba kudziwika ndi Steward ndi anzake mu minofu ya mbatata mu 1949. Mu 1950, Roberts et al. GABA yodziwika mu ubongo wa mammalian, wopangidwa kudzera mu α-decarboxylation yosasinthika ya glutamate kapena mchere wake, wopangidwa ndi glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA ndi neurotransmitter yovuta kwambiri yomwe imapezeka kwambiri mu dongosolo lamanjenje la mammalian. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa chisangalalo cha neuronal poletsa kufalikira kwa ma neural sign. Muubongo, kulinganiza pakati pa inhibitory neurotransmission media mediated by GABA and excitatory neurotransmission media mediated by glutamate ndikofunikira kuti ma cell membrane azikhala okhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a neural.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti GABA imatha kuletsa kusintha kwa neurodegenerative ndikuwongolera kukumbukira ndi kuzindikira. Kafukufuku wa zinyama amasonyeza kuti GABA imapangitsa kukumbukira kwa nthawi yaitali mu mbewa ndi kuchepa kwa chidziwitso ndikulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa maselo a neuroendocrine PC-12. M'mayesero achipatala, GABA yasonyezedwa kuti ikuwonjezera milingo ya serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha dementia ndi matenda a Alzheimer's mwa amayi azaka zapakati.
Kuphatikiza apo, GABA imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamalingaliro, kupsinjika, kutopa, ndi kugona. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kusakaniza kwa GABA ndi L-theanine kumatha kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwa tulo, kukulitsa nthawi yogona, ndikuwongolera mafotokozedwe a GABA ndi ma glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinndi okosijeni wa carotenoid wopangidwa ndi zotsalira zisanu ndi zitatu za isoprene, unsaturated polyene wokhala ndi zomangira zisanu ndi zinayi, zomwe zimayamwa ndikutulutsa kuwala pamafunde enaake, ndikuzipatsa mtundu wapadera.Zeaxanthinndi isomeri ya lutein, yosiyana pa malo a chomangira chapawiri mu mphete.
Lutein ndi zeaxanthinndi ma pigment oyambirira mu retina. Lutein imapezeka makamaka mu retina yotumphukira, pomwe zeaxanthin imakhazikika pakatikati pa macula. Kuteteza kwa lutein ndi zeaxanthin m'maso kumaphatikizapo kuwongolera masomphenya, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa macular okhudzana ndi ukalamba (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, komanso kupewa retinopathy mwa makanda obadwa msanga.
Mu 2017, ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Georgia adapeza kuti lutein ndi zeaxanthin zimakhudza thanzi laubongo mwa okalamba. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu ya lutein ndi zeaxanthin amawonetsa kutsika kwaubongo akamagwira ntchito zokumbukira mawu awiriawiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti minyewa imagwira bwino ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina adanenanso kuti Lutemax 2020, chowonjezera cha lutein chochokera ku Omeo, chinakulitsa kwambiri mulingo wa BDNF (ubongo wotengedwa ndi neurotrophic factor), puloteni yofunika kwambiri yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi neural plasticity, komanso yofunikira pakukula ndi kusiyanitsa kwa ma neuron, ndikugwirizana ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuphunzira, kukumbukira, ndi kugwira ntchito kwachidziwitso.
(Mapangidwe a lutein ndi zeaxanthin)
3. Ginkgo Leaf Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, mtundu wokhawo womwe uli m'banja la ginkgo, nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "zofukula zamoyo." Masamba ake ndi njere zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zamankhwala ndipo ndi amodzi mwamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zomwe zimagwira pamasamba a ginkgo zimakhala ndi flavonoids ndi terpenoids, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu monga kuthandizira kuchepetsa lipids, antioxidant zotsatira, kukumbukira kukumbukira, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa maso, komanso kupereka chitetezo ku kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi.
Monograph ya World Health Organisation pamitengo yamankhwala imatchula zomwe zimakhazikikaginkgomasamba akupanga ayenera kukhala 22-27% flavonoid glycosides ndi 5-7% terpenoids, ndi ginkgolic asidi zili pansi 5 mg/kg. Ku Japan, bungwe la Health and Nutrition Food Association lakhazikitsa mfundo zabwino za ginkgo tsamba, zomwe zimafuna kuti flavonoid glycoside ikhale ndi 24% ndi terpenoid osachepera 6%, ndi ginkgolic acid yomwe imasungidwa pansi pa 5 ppm. Mlingo wovomerezeka tsiku lililonse kwa akuluakulu ndi pakati pa 60 ndi 240 mg.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kumwa kwanthawi yayitali kwa masamba okhazikika a ginkgo, poyerekeza ndi placebo, kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zina zamaganizidwe, kuphatikiza kulondola kwa kukumbukira ndi luso la kulingalira. Kuphatikiza apo, kutulutsa kwa ginkgo kwanenedwa kuti kumathandizira kuyendetsa magazi muubongo ndi ntchito.
4. DHA
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) ndi omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Ndizochuluka muzakudya zam'nyanja ndi zinthu zawo, makamaka nsomba zamafuta, zomwe zimapereka magalamu 0,68-1.3 a DHA pa 100 magalamu. Zakudya zochokera ku nyama monga mazira ndi nyama zimakhala ndi DHA yochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, mkaka wa m'mawere wa munthu ndi mkaka wa nyama zina zoyamwitsa ulinso ndi DHA. Kafukufuku wa amayi opitilira 2,400 m'maphunziro 65 adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa DHA mu mkaka wa m'mawere ndi 0.32% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa mafuta acid, kuyambira 0.06% mpaka 1.4%, pomwe anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa DHA mu mkaka wa m'mawere.
DHA imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukula kwa ubongo, ntchito, ndi matenda. Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti DHA imatha kupititsa patsogolo ma neurotransmission, kukula kwa neuronal, synaptic plasticity, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa neurotransmitter. Kuwunika kwa meta kwa mayeso 15 oyendetsedwa mwachisawawa kunawonetsa kuti kudya pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kwa 580 mg ya DHA kumathandizira kwambiri kukumbukira kwa episodic mwa achikulire athanzi (zaka 18-90) ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la kuzindikira pang'ono.
Njira zogwirira ntchito za DHA zikuphatikizapo: 1) kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha n-3 / n-6 PUFA; 2) kuletsa neuroinflammation yokhudzana ndi zaka zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi M1 microglial cell overactivation; 3) kupondereza A1 astrocyte phenotype mwa kuchepetsa zizindikiro za A1 monga C3 ndi S100B; 4) kulepheretsa bwino njira yowonetsera proBDNF/p75 popanda kusintha chizindikiro cha ubongo chochokera ku neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B; ndi 5) kulimbikitsa kupulumuka kwa neuronal powonjezera ma phosphatidylserine, omwe amathandizira kusuntha kwa membrane wa protein kinase B (Akt) ndikuyambitsa.
5. Bifidobacteria MCC1274
M'matumbo, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "ubongo wachiwiri," awonetsedwa kuti amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ubongo. M'matumbo, monga chiwalo chokhala ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake Komabe, kugwirizana pakati pa matumbo ndi ubongo kumasungidwa kudzera mu dongosolo la mitsempha la autonomic, zizindikiro za mahomoni, ndi ma cytokines, kupanga zomwe zimatchedwa "gut-brain axis."
Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti mabakiteriya am'matumbo amatenga nawo gawo pakudzikundikira kwa mapuloteni a β-amyloid, chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera kwathanzi, odwala a Alzheimer achepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa matumbo a microbiota, ndikuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa Bifidobacterium.
M'maphunziro okhudza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lozindikira bwino (MCI), kugwiritsa ntchito Bifidobacterium MCC1274 kumathandizira kwambiri kuzindikira bwino mu Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Zambiri m'malo monga kukumbukira nthawi yomweyo, kuthekera kowonera-malo, kukonza zovuta, komanso kukumbukira mochedwa zidasinthidwanso kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-06-2025