Mtengo wa Sophora japonica, womwe umadziwika kuti mtengo wa pagoda, ndi umodzi mwa mitengo yakale kwambiri ku China. Zolemba zakale zochokera ku Shan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) zomwe zimadziwika kuti pre-Qin zimasonyeza kufalikira kwake, ponena mawu monga "Phiri la Shou lili ndi mitengo yambiri ya sophora" ndi "Nkhalango za Phiri la Li zili ndi sophora yambiri." Nkhanizi zikuwonetsa kukula kwachilengedwe kwa mtengowu ku China kuyambira kalekale.
Monga chizindikiro cha zomera chomwe chimazika mizu m'miyambo, sophora yakhala ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri. Yolemekezedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso kuyanjana ndi ulemu m'boma, yalimbikitsa mibadwo yambiri ya anthu owerenga ndi kulemba. M'miyambo yachikhalidwe, mtengowu umakhulupirira kuti umathamangitsa mizimu yoipa, pomwe masamba ake, maluwa, ndi zipatso zake zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mu 2002, maluwa a sophora (huaihua) ndi maluwa a buds (huaimi) adavomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku China ngati zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza komanso kuphika (Chikalata Nambala [2002]51), zomwe zidawayika m'gulu loyamba la zida za yao shi tong yuan (mankhwala ogwirizana ndi chakudya).
Mbiri ya Zomera
Dzina la sayansi: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Mtengo wa sophora womwe umamera masamba obiriwira mu banja la Fabaceae, uli ndi makungwa akuda a imvi, masamba okhuthala, ndi masamba ophatikizika. Maluwa ake onunkhira pang'ono, achikasu okoma amaphuka nthawi yachilimwe, kutsatiridwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofanana ndi mikanda tomwe timalendewera m'nthambi.
China ili ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu: mtundu wa Styphnolobium japonicum (Chinese sophora) ndi mtundu wa Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust kapena "foreign sophora") womwe unayambitsidwa, womwe unatumizidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Ngakhale kuti umaoneka ngati wofanana, umasiyana malinga ndi momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito—maluwa a black locust nthawi zambiri amadyedwa ngati chakudya, pomwe maluwa a mtundu wa black locust amakhala ndi phindu lalikulu la mankhwala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri m'thupi.
Kusiyana: Maluwa vs. Mphukira
Mawu akuti huaihua ndi huaimi amatanthauza magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko:
- Huaihua: Maluwa otuwa bwino
- Huaimi: Maluwa osatsegulidwa
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zokolola zimasiyana, zonsezi nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu a "maluwa a sophora" pogwiritsa ntchito njira yeniyeni.
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Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Akale
Mankhwala achikhalidwe aku China amaika maluwa a sophora m'gulu la mankhwala oziziritsa chiwindi. Buku lakuti Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) limati: "Maluwa a Sophora amagwira ntchito m'magazi a Yangming ndi Jueyin meridians, motero amachiritsa matenda ena ofanana nawo."
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Kuzindikira kwa Sayansi Yamakono
Kafukufuku wamakono apeza zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana m'maluwa ndi m'matupi, kuphatikizapo triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), mafuta acids, tannins, alkaloids, ndi polysaccharides.
1. Mphamvu Yoteteza Kutupa kwa Oxidative
Ma Flavonoid monga rutin ndi quercetin amasonyeza mphamvu zamphamvu zochotsera ma free radicals.
- Masamba ali ndi ma phenolics ndi flavonoids okwera ndi 20-30% kuposa maluwa otseguka.
- Quercetin imawonetsa mphamvu zotsutsana ndi ma antioxidants zomwe zimadalira mlingo kudzera mu glutathione regulation ndi ROS neutralization.
2. Thandizo la Mtima ndi Mitsempha
- Amaletsa kusonkhana kwa ma platelet (kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko) kudzera mu quercetin ndi rutin.
- Amateteza maselo ofiira a m'magazi ku kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni, kusunga thanzi la mitsempha yamagazi.
3. Kapangidwe ka Anti-Glycation
- Imaletsa mapangidwe apamwamba a glycation end-products (AGEs) ndi 76.85% mu zitsanzo za zebrafish.
- Amalimbana ndi ukalamba wa khungu ndi mavuto a shuga kudzera mu njira zambiri zoletsa matenda.
4. Zotsatira Zoteteza Mitsempha
- Amachepetsa madera a infarction ya ubongo m'makoswe ndi 40-50%.
- Imaletsa kuyambitsa kwa microglial ndi ma cytokines oyambitsa kutupa (monga IL-1β), kuchepetsa imfa ya mitsempha.
Kusintha kwa Msika ndi Mapulogalamu
Msika wapadziko lonse wa sophora extracts, womwe uli ndi mtengo wa $202 miliyoni mu 2025, ukuyembekezeka kufika $379 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2033 (8.2% CAGR).
- Mankhwala: Mankhwala oletsa kutupa, mankhwala oletsa kutupa
- Nutraceuticals: Zakudya zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi okosijeni, zowongolera shuga m'magazi
- Zodzoladzola: Ma seramu oletsa kukalamba, mafuta owala
- Makampani Ogulitsa Chakudya: Zosakaniza zothandiza, tiyi wa zitsamba
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Chithunzi Chojambulidwa: Pixabay
Zolemba za Sayansi:
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023) yokhudza njira zochepetsera ma antioxidants
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022) yofotokoza njira zodzitetezera ku matenda a mitsempha
- Kusanthula kwa makampani a Kafukufuku wa Msika Woganizira (2024)
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Malangizo Okonza:
- Mawu aukadaulo amasungidwa kuti akhale olondola polembanso ziganizo
- Mawu akale alembedwa mwachidule kuti apewe kubwerezabwereza mawu ndi mawu
- Mfundo za deta zomwe zasinthidwanso ndi zolemba za kafukufuku wamakono
- Ziwerengero za msika zomwe zimaperekedwa kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mawu
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-18-2025