Mtengo wa Sophora japonica, womwe umadziwika kuti pagoda, ndi umodzi mwamitengo yakale kwambiri ku China. Zolemba zakale za Shan Hai Jing (Zambiri Zamapiri ndi Nyanja) zomwe zidalembedwa kale za Qin zikuwonetsa kufalikira kwake, ndikutchula mawu monga "Mount Shou ndi mitengo ya sophora" komanso "nkhalango za Mount Li ndizolemera kwambiri." Nkhanizi zikuwonetsa kukula kwachilengedwe kwa mtengowu ku China kuyambira kalekale.
Monga chizindikiro cha botanical chozikidwa pamwambo, sophora yakulitsa chikhalidwe chambiri. Kulemekezedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake olemekezeka komanso kuyanjana ndi kuchita bwino pazaudindo, kwalimbikitsa mibadwo ya anthu kulemba ndi kulemba. M’miyambo ya anthu, mtengowu umakhulupirira kuti umathamangitsa mizimu yoipa, pamene masamba ake, maluwa, ndi makoko akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri m’mankhwala.
Mu 2002, maluwa a sophora (huaihua) ndi masamba (huaimi) adavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku China ngati zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala komanso zophikira (Chikalata No.
Mbiri ya Botanical
Dzina la sayansi: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Mtengo wobiriwira wa banja la Fabaceae, sophora uli ndi khungwa lakuda, masamba owundana, ndi masamba ophatikizika. Maluwa ake onunkhira pang'ono, achikasu-otulira amaphuka m'chilimwe, ndipo amatsatiridwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timalendewera panthambi.
China imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu: mtundu wa Styphnolobium japonicum (Chinese sophora) ndi Robinia pseudoacacia (dzombe lakuda kapena "sophora wakunja"), womwe unatumizidwa kunja m'zaka za zana la 19. Ngakhale amafanana, amasiyana m'magwiridwe - maluwa a dzombe lakuda nthawi zambiri amadyedwa ngati chakudya, pomwe maluwa amtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu amakhala ndi mankhwala ochulukirapo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamafuta achilengedwe.
Kusiyanitsa: Maluwa vs. Buds
Mawu akuti huaihua ndi huaimi amatanthauza magawo ena akukula:
- Huaihua: Maluwa ophuka kwathunthu
- Huaimi: Maluwa osatsegulidwa
Ngakhale nthawi yokolola imasiyanasiyana, onsewa amaikidwa m'magulu a "maluwa a sophora" kuti agwiritse ntchito.
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Ntchito Zamankhwala Zakale
Mankhwala achi China amasankha maluwa a sophora ngati othandizira kuziziritsa chiwindi. The Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) imati: “Maluŵa a Sophora amagwira ntchito pa zigawo za magazi za Yangming ndi Jueyin meridians, motero amachiritsa matenda ogwirizana nawo.”
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Malingaliro Asayansi Amakono
Kafukufuku wamakono amazindikiritsa zigawo za bioactive m'maluwa ndi masamba onse, kuphatikizapo triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), mafuta acids, tannins, alkaloids, ndi polysaccharides. Zotsatira zazikulu:
1. Antioxidant Powerhouse
- Flavonoids monga rutin ndi quercetin amawonetsa mphamvu zowononga zaulere.
- Masamba ali ndi 20-30% apamwamba phenolics ndi flavonoids kuposa maluwa otseguka.
- Quercetin imawonetsa zotsatira zodalira antioxidant kudzera mu malamulo a glutathione ndi ROS neutralization.
2. Thandizo la mtima
- Imalepheretsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti (kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko) kudzera pa quercetin ndi rutin.
- Kuteteza erythrocyte ku kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni, kusunga thanzi la mtima.
3. Anti-Glycation Properties
- Imatsitsa mapangidwe apamwamba a glycation end-products (AGEs) ndi 76.85% mumitundu ya zebrafish.
- Imalimbana ndi kukalamba kwa khungu komanso zovuta za matenda a shuga kudzera m'njira zambiri.
4. Zotsatira za Neuroprotective
- Imachepetsa madera a cerebral infarction mumitundu ya makoswe ndi 40-50%.
- Imalepheretsa ma microglial activation ndi pro-inflammatory cytokines (mwachitsanzo, IL-1β), kuchepetsa kufa kwa neuronal.
Market Dynamics ndi Mapulogalamu
Padziko lonse lapansi msika wa sophora wochotsa, wamtengo wapatali $202 miliyoni mu 2025, akuyembekezeka kufika $379 miliyoni pofika 2033 (8.2% CAGR). Kukulitsa nthawi ya mapulogalamu:
- Mankhwala: Hemostatic agents, anti-inflammatory formulations
- Nutraceuticals: zowonjezera ma antioxidants, zowongolera shuga m'magazi
- Cosmeceuticals: Ma seramu oletsa kukalamba, mafuta owala
- Makampani a Chakudya: Zosakaniza zogwira ntchito, tiyi azitsamba
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Ngongole yazithunzi: Pixabay
Zolozera za Sayansi:
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023) pa njira za antioxidant
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022) yofotokoza njira za neuroprotective
- Cognitive Market Research (2024) kusanthula kwamakampani
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Zolemba Zowonjezera:
-Mawu aukadaulo amasungidwa kuti akhale olondola pomwe akubwerezanso ziganizo
- Mawu akale omwe adanenedwa m'mawu kuti apewe kubwereza mawu
- Mfundo za data zimasinthidwa ndi mawu ofufuza amakono
- Ziwerengero zamsika zimaperekedwa kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-18-2025