Pansi pa thovu la mowa wa amber pali mtengo wocheperako. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 900 AD, idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira zachilengedwe ndi opanga moŵa ku Europe. Masiku ano, wasanduka chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga moŵa ndikuwawa kwake komanso fungo lake lapadera. Chomera chamtunduwu ndi ma hops.
1. Hops: Chida chamatsenga popangira mowa
Hop (Humulus lupulus), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti snake hop, ndi chomera chosatha chokwera cha banja la Cannabaceae ndipo imatha kukula mpaka 7 metres. Ili ndi ma inflorescence owoneka bwino, omwe amatchedwa ma cones ndipo amapangidwa ndi timitengo tofewa, obiriwira obiriwira. Akakhwima, ma cones a hop amaphimbidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa utomoni ndi mafuta ofunikira, ndikupanga kununkhira kwapadera ndi kununkhira kwa mitundu ya hop. Ma cones a Hop nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena Seputembala.
Hops akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kuyambira nthawi zakale za ku Egypt. M'nthawi ya Aroma, ma hop ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda a m'mimba. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 13, ma hops akhala akuwonedwa ngati mankhwala abwino ochiritsira matenda a malungo ndi ndulu m'chigawo cha Aarabu.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma hops mumowa kunayambika ku Ulaya m'zaka za zana la 9 AD. Poyambirira, adawonjezedwa ku mowa chifukwa cha zinthu zoteteza kuti awonjezere moyo wa alumali. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, opanga moŵa m'nyumba za amonke ku Germany adapeza kuti ukhoza kulinganiza kutsekemera kwa chimera, kupatsa moŵa ndi zowawa zotsitsimula ndi fungo labwino, ndipo motero unakhazikitsa maziko ake pakupanga moŵa. Masiku ano, pafupifupi 98% ya ma hop omwe amalimidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga moŵa, ndipo United States ndi yomwe imapanga ma hop ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
2. Osati kokha popanga moŵa, ma hop ali ndi zopindulitsa zambiri
Hops, chifukwa cha kuwawa kwake komanso kununkhira kwake kwapadera, zakhala zida zofunika kwambiri pakupangira moŵa. Komabe, mtengo wake umapitirira kuposa izi.
Kafukufuku wamakono apeza kuti ma hops ali ndi α -acids (makamaka humulone) ndi β -acids (makamaka humulone), flavonols (quercetin ndi kaempferol), flavonoid 3-mafuta (makamaka makatekini, epicatechin ndi proanthocyanidins), phenolic acids (ferulic acid), ndi flavonoic acid yochepa (yochepa kwambiri). Pakati pawo, ma alpha acid ndi beta acid ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuwawa kwa ma hops.
Chithandizo cha sedation ndi kugona: Humulone mu hops imatha kumangirira ku GABA receptors, kuchepetsa nkhawa komanso kulimbikitsa kugona. GABA mu hops imatha kukulitsa ntchito ya neurotransmitter GABA, potero imalepheretsa dongosolo lapakati lamanjenje. Kuyesera kwachitsanzo cha nyama kukuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma 2-milligram a hop kumatha kuchepetsa bwino zochitika zausiku munyimbo wa circadian. Pomaliza, mphamvu yoziziritsa ya ma hops imalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa ma GABA receptors, omwe amachititsa kuti ubongo ukhale wolepheretsa kufalikira kwa synaptic. Pakalipano, anthu nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza hops ndi valerian kuti apange tiyi wodekha.
Antioxidant ndi anti-inflammatory effects: Hop imakhala ndi ma biomolecules omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri za antioxidant monga flavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), ndi astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), zomwe zingathe kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa mitundu ya okosijeni yowonongeka. Kuonjezera apo, xanthol mu hops imatha kuthetsa zowonongeka, kulepheretsa njira ya NF-κB, ndi kuchepetsa kutupa kosatha (monga nyamakazi).
Antibacterial: Kuyambira ku Egypt wakale, ma hop akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga chakudya. Zowawa za α -acid ndi β -acid mu hops zimakhala ndi antibacterial ntchito ndipo zimatha kulepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans ndi mabakiteriya a gram-positive. Ichinso ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe mowa kale umakhala wotetezeka kuposa madzi akumwa. Kuphatikiza pakupatsanso mphamvu zowononga mabakiteriya, alpha-acid imathandizanso kuti mowa ukhale wokhazikika.
Kuthandizira thanzi la amayi: Hop isoprenylnaringin (yochokera ku fulminol ndi zotumphukira zake) ingathe kulipira kuchepa kwa 17-β -estradiol pa nthawi ya kusamba. Kukonzekera kwa Hop kumakhala ndi 8-isoprenylnaringin, yomwe ndi imodzi mwama phytoestrogens amphamvu omwe amadziwika mu zomera. Kukonzekera kwa Hop kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choloweza m'malo mwachilengedwe cha phytoestrogens panthawi yosiya kusamba kwa amayi kuti athetse kutentha, kusowa tulo komanso kusinthasintha kwamalingaliro. Kafukufuku wokhudza amayi 63 adawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira ma hop kumatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro za vasomotor zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa thupi komanso kutentha kwa thupi.
Kuteteza misempha: Kafukufuku wapeza kuti hop terpenes imatha kulowa chotchinga chamagazi-muubongo, kuteteza mitsempha, kupereka chitetezo chotsutsana ndi kutupa kwa ubongo, komanso kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti hop isoalphaic acid imatha kupititsa patsogolo kukumbukira kodalira kwa hippocampal komanso magwiridwe antchito okhudzana ndi chidziwitso cha prefrontal cortex poyambitsa kufala kwa dopamine neural. Asidi owawa mu hops amatha kupititsa patsogolo kukumbukira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ndi norepinephrine neurotransmission. Hop isoalphaic acid imatha kuchepetsa kutukusira kwa neuroinflammation ndi kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rodent neurodegenerative matenda, kuphatikiza matenda a Alzheimer's.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito hops
Zambiri za Mordor zikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwa msika wa hop akuyerekezeredwa kukhala madola 9.18 biliyoni aku US mu 2025 ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika $ 12.69 biliyoni pofika 2030, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 6.70% panthawi yolosera (2025-2030). Motsogozedwa ndi kukula kwa mowa, kachitidwe ka mowa waukadaulo komanso chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano ya hop, msika wa hop ukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula.
Thanzi Labwino
Kapisozi wa hop vegetarian wakhazikitsidwa. Mankhwalawa ali ndi sedative effect ndipo amathandiza kugona.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-24-2025