Pansi pa thovu lozungulira la mowa wa amber pali chuma chamtengo wapatali chomwe sichinaganiziridwepo. Kale kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 900 AD, unkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira zachilengedwe ndi opanga mowa aku Europe. Masiku ano, wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mowa chifukwa cha kuwawa kwake komanso fungo lake lapadera. Chomera chamtunduwu ndi hops.
1. Hops: Chida chamatsenga chopangira mowa
Hop (Humulus lupulus), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti snake hop, ndi chomera chokwera cha banja la Cannabaceae ndipo chimatha kukula mpaka mamita opitilira 7. Chili ndi maluwa okhuthala okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, omwe amatchedwa ma cones ndipo amapangidwa ndi maluwa obiriwira opepuka komanso ofewa. Akakhwima, ma cones a hop amaphimbidwa ndi tinthu ta anthocyanin tomwe timatulutsa utomoni ndi mafuta ofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kukoma ndi fungo lapadera la mtundu wa hop. Ma cones a hop nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena mu Seputembala.
Ma hops akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kuyambira nthawi zakale za ku Egypt. Mu nthawi ya Aroma, ma hops ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda am'mimba. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1300, ma hops akhala akuonedwa ngati mankhwala abwino ochiritsira malungo ndi matenda a ndulu m'chigawo cha Aarabu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma hop mu mowa kunayamba ku Europe m'zaka za m'ma 900 AD. Poyamba, anawonjezeredwa ku mowa chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zosungira kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo wautali. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, opanga mowa ku nyumba za amonke ku Germany adapeza kuti amatha kusinthasintha kukoma kwa malt, kupatsa mowa kukoma kotsitsimula komanso fungo labwino, motero adakhazikitsa malo ake ofunikira popanga mowa. Masiku ano, pafupifupi 98% ya ma hop omwe amalimidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga mowa, ndipo United States ndiye wopanga ma hop ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
2. Sikuti kokha mu kupanga hops, komanso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zambiri
Ma hops, okhala ndi kukoma kwawo kwapadera komanso fungo labwino, akhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga mowa. Komabe, phindu lake limaposa pamenepa.
Kafukufuku wamakono wapeza kuti ma hops ali ndi α -acids (makamaka humulone) ndi β -acids (makamaka humulone), flavonols (quercetin ndi kaempferol), flavonoid 3-oils (makamaka ma catechins, epicatechins ndi proanthocyanidins), phenolic acids (ferulic acid), ndi isoprene flavonoids yochepa (fulvic acid). Pakati pawo, alpha acids ndi beta acids ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuwawa kwa ma hops.
Kugona movutikira komanso mothandiza kugona: Humulone mu hops imatha kumangirira ku ma GABA receptors, kuchepetsa nkhawa ndikulimbikitsa tulo. GABA mu hops imatha kuwonjezera ntchito ya neurotransmitter GABA, motero imaletsa dongosolo la mitsempha. Kuyesa kwa nyama kukuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa hop extract ya 2-milligram kumatha kuchepetsa bwino ntchito yausiku mu circadian rhythm. Pomaliza, mphamvu ya hops yotonthoza imayendetsedwa ndi ntchito yowonjezera ya ma GABA receptors, omwe amachititsa kuti synaptic ifalikire mwachangu muubongo. Pakadali pano, anthu nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ma hops ndi valerian kuti apange tiyi wotonthoza.
Zotsatira za antioxidant ndi anti-inflammatory: Ma hops ali ndi biomolecules okhala ndi antioxidant yambiri monga flavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), ndi astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), zomwe zimatha kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mitundu ya okosijeni. Kuphatikiza apo, xanthol mu ma hops imatha kuchotsa ma free radicals, kuletsa njira ya NF-κB, ndikuchepetsa kutupa kosatha (monga nyamakazi).
Mankhwala oletsa mabakiteriya: Kuyambira ku Igupto wakale, ma hops akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga chakudya. α-acid ndi β-acid owawa omwe ali mu ma hops ali ndi mphamvu yoletsa mabakiteriya ndipo amatha kuletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans ndi mabakiteriya a Gram-positive. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe mowa wakhala wotetezeka kuposa madzi akumwa. Kuwonjezera pa kuupatsa mphamvu zoletsa mabakiteriya, alpha-acid imathandizanso kusunga thovu la mowa.
Kuthandiza thanzi la akazi: Hop isoprenylnaringin (yochokera ku fulminol ndi zotumphukira zake) ingathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa 17-β -estradiol panthawi yosamba. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi hop ali ndi 8-isoprenylnaringin, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa ma phytoestrogen amphamvu omwe amadziwika mu ufumu wa zomera. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi hop angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati cholowa m'malo mwa phytoestrogens panthawi yosamba mwa akazi kuti achepetse kutentha, kusowa tulo komanso kusintha kwa maganizo. Kafukufuku wokhudza akazi 63 adawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi hop kumatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kusamba komanso kutentha.
Kuteteza mitsempha: Kafukufuku wapeza kuti ma hop terpenes amatha kulowa mu chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo, kuteteza mitsempha, kupereka chitetezo chotsutsana ndi kutupa kwa ubongo, ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti hop isoalphaic acid imatha kukulitsa kukumbukira komwe kumadalira hippocampal ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi prefrontal cortex poyambitsa dopamine neural transmission. Asidi wowawa mu hops amatha kukulitsa ntchito yokumbukira kudzera mu njira yoyendetsedwa ndi norepinephrine neurotransmission. Hop isoalphaic acid imatha kuchepetsa kutupa kwa neuroinflammation ndi kusokonekera kwa chidziwitso m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a neurodegenerative a makoswe, kuphatikiza matenda a Alzheimer's.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma hops
Deta ya Mordor ikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwa msika wa hop kukuyembekezeka kukhala madola 9.18 biliyoni aku US mu 2025 ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika madola 12.69 biliyoni aku US pofika chaka cha 2030, ndi kukula kwa pachaka kwa 6.70% panthawi yomwe yanenedweratu (2025-2030). Chifukwa cha kukula kwa mowa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mowa wa craft moŵa ukuchulukirachulukira komanso kukula kwa mitundu yatsopano ya hop, msika wa hop ukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula.
Thanzi la Justgood
Kudumphadumphakapisozi wa anthu osadya nyamayatulutsidwa. Mankhwalawa ali ndi mphamvu yotonthoza komanso amathandiza kugona.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-24-2025